Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Boston Spa, One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. 214 High Street, Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. 2) This war was not a success. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. Topic guides / This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). From there we will look at the career . Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Why religious compromise was so difficult. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. Use your outline The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. The new and updated summary of the British and American history This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize migration? The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. LS23 6AD Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. Boston House, The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. VAT reg no 816865400. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. 214 High Street, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. LS23 6AD She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. This meant atholics did not think . Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain.

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