For this to happen, the government will need to guarantee sufficient allocations of foreign exchange. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. For the later two Regions, estimated numbers vary greatly between conventional and aerial censuses, but total less than 15% of the non-nomadic Regions. The Ethiopian Herald (Addis Ababa) Urban agriculture utilizes resources such as land that have high demand for other urban uses . Since the revolution, most commercial cotton has been grown on irrigated state farms, mostly in the Awash Valley area. The relationship between elevation, soil temperatures, soil chemical characteristics, and green coffee bean quality and biochemistry in southwest Ethiopia. Similarly, the area of cultivation increased from 22,600 hectares in 197475 to 33,900 hectares in 198485.[7]. In the highlands, oxen provided draft power in crop production. [7], Cattle in Ethiopia are almost entirely of the zebu type and are poor sources of milk and meat. The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. University students led the land reform movement and campaigned against the government's reluctance to introduce land reform programs and the lack of commitment to integrated rural development. Agriculture accounted for 50% of GDP, 83.9% of exports, and 80% of the labor force in 2006 and 2007, compared to 44.9%, 76.9% and 80% in 20022003, and agriculture remains the Ethiopian economy's most important sector. The program later facilitated the establishment of similar internationally supported and financed projects at Ada'a Chukala (just south of Addis Ababa), Welamo, and Humera. The opportunities and constraints facing Ethiopian agriculture are strongly influenced by conditions which vary across geographical space. Regional Agricultural Research Centers (RARCs) under the respective regional bureaus of agriculture. Estimates for 1987 indicated that livestock production contributed one-third of agriculture's share of GDP, or nearly 15 percent of total GDP. These programs should also result in Ethiopia getting to middle income status by 2025. The GOE imposes an export ban on cereal grain and local prices are often higher than what they are on the international market. Rain-fed cotton also grew in Humera, Bilate, and Arba Minch. This is a best prospect for Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, agriculture is started during the Neolithic revolution era, ten thousand years ago. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country, and are the most important soils. Ethiopia's crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across the country's different regions and ecologies. Section D. The most important agricultural exports include coffee, hides and skins (leather products), Pulses, oil seeds, beeswax, and, increasingly, tea. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. During this period, markets were major actors of economic activity and various positive measures, which encouraged . Because of drought, which has repeatedly affected the country since the early 1970s, a poor economic base (low productivity, weak infrastructure, and low level of technology), and overpopulation, the agricultural sector has performed poorly. The first, found in areas with relatively good drainage, consists of red-to-reddish-brown clayey loams that hold moisture and are well endowed with needed minerals, with the exception of phosphorus. Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. Consequently, the country faced a famine that resulted in the death of nearly 1 million people from 1984 to 1986. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. Productivity and technology. Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of GDP and more than 80 percent of exports, is by far the most important economic activity in the Ethiopian economy. [7], Of Ethiopia's total land area of 1,221,480 square kilometers, the government estimated in the late 1980s that 15 percent was under cultivation and 51 percent was pasture. The principal grains are teff, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, and millet. Wubne, Mulatu. Agricultural inputs, seeds, machinery and equipment used in cotton production. Land use function 2 2.2. Brighter Green, 2. [7], Government attempts to implement land reform also created problems related to land fragmentation, insecurity of tenure, and shortages of farm inputs and tools. y's natural potential, the agricultural performance remains weak; high dependency on rain-fed A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. The GOE is focusing on expanding chicken meat production in order to reduce the countrys longstanding dependence on the livestock sector, minimize the sectors environmental footprint, and provide more affordable protein to the masses. The second type consists of brownish-to-gray and black soils with a high clay content. TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. The highest concentration of poultry is in Shewa, in central Wollo, and in northwestern Tigray. Top 3 Exported Goods (2021): Coffee & Spices, Vegetables, and Oil Seeds. [17], Ethiopia's flower industry has become a new source for export revenue. According to government statistics, there are approximately 50 million cattle, 50 million goats and sheep, plus an assortment of horses, donkeys, camels and chickens. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. The ten-year plan called for an increase in the size of state farms producing coffee from 14,000 to 15,000 hectares to 50,000 hectares by 1994. The increased production coming from existing and anticipated investments in the local agro-processing sector, as well as imports, are expected to help satisfy this growing demand. It purchased grain from peasant associations at fixed prices. Agricultural production has been highly dependent on natural resources for centuries [].However, increased human population and other factors have degraded the natural resources in the country thus seriously threatening sustainable agriculture and food security [2, 3]. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). [27], Most of the estimated 7.5 million equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are used to transport produce and other agricultural goods. Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. Meat and poultry processing, and supporting equipment and systems. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. Agriculture in Ethiopia. More details on the latest grain and oilseeds situation in Ethiopia can be found in our Grain & Feed and our Oilseeds Reports. Lake Tana Subbasin's Economy and The Role of Natural Resources -- 22. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. With support from the African Development Banks agricultural Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation program. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. In the dry lowlands, persistent winds also contribute to soil erosion. Agriculture. Finally, although the production cost of pulses and oilseeds continued to rise, the government's price control policy left virtually unchanged the official procurement price of these crops, thus substantially reducing net income from them. Characteristics and challenges of the Ethiopian highlands farming systems. Commercial Imports from the United States, Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, (Total market size = (total local production + imports) - exports). For instance, according to the World Bank between 1980 and 1987 agricultural production dropped at an annual rate of 2.1 percent, while the population grew at an annual rate of 2.4 percent. As a result, vegetable oils are widely used, and oilseed cultivation is an important agricultural activity. State farms sold their output to the AMC. Another study, of Dejen awraja (subregion) in Gojjam, found that land fragmentation had been exacerbated since the revolution. However, opponents of villagization argued that the scheme was disruptive to agricultural production because the government moved many farmers during the planting and harvesting seasons. Put in perspective, Ethiopia's key agricultural sector has grown at an annual . Moreover, the emperor's inability to implement meaningful land reform perpetuated a system in which aristocrats and the church owned most of the farmland and in which most farmers were tenants who had to provide as much as 50% of their crops as rent. The agricultural sector is subject to periodic drought, and poor infrastructure constrains the production and marketing of Ethiopia's products. The northern parts of the highlands are almost devoid of trees. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the country as the following facts indicate. The government and the international community are working together to address many of these challenges. Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . Such wide price variations created food shortages because farmers as well as private merchants withheld crops to sell on the black market at higher prices.[7]. Role Agriculture in Ethiopian economy. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), Textile Industry Development Institute (ETIDI), Ethiopian Cotton Producer, Ginners, and Exporters Association (ECPGEA). "National Statistical Abstract. ", Table D.2. The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . Agron., 16: 180-195. . In addition, Ethiopia spent 341 million Birr on food purchases during the 1985-87 period. The government mobilized farmers and organized "food for work" projects to build terraces and plant trees. [7] Despite government efforts, farmers responded less than enthusiastically. [7] Since the fall of the Derg, there have been a number of initiatives to improve the food supply, which include research and training by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. In pastoral areas, livestock formed the basis of the economy. As a result, agriculture continued to grow, albeit below the population growth rate. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURE 2 2.1. For instance, the 198485 official procurement price for 100 kilograms of teff was 42 birr at the farm level and 60 birr when the AMC purchased it from wholesalers. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . Section D. Food as a most essential good 3 2.5. Contributions, potentials and characteristics of agriculture in Ethiopia The contributions of agriculture in Ethiopia The Ethiopian economy is an agrarian economy. As such, investment opportunities in feed, genetics and veterinary services and the supporting industries are expected to grow in the coming years. Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. Among the overall agricultural output produced by an Ethiopian family farm, only 21 percent are sold, highlighting the subsistence-oriented nature of the country's smallholders. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . [16] In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of oilseeds accounted for 15.78% of export earnings (or million 187.4 Birr) and pulses 5.92% (or 70.3 million Birr). areas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhere it is practiced on traditional lines. [7], Ethiopia's coffee is almost exclusively of the arabica type, which grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. Ethiopia's major staple crops include a variety of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and coffee. This includes: bolstering smallholder farmers productivity, enhancing marketing systems, upgrading participation of private sector, increasing volume of irrigated land and curtailing amount of households with inadequate food. [7], Wheat stem rust threatens the Ethiopian harvest every year and recently that especially means Ug99. landholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable for modern methods of agriculture. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. fINTENSIVE FARMING. Ethiopias development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. [7], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. Agriculture accounts for 36% percent of the nation's Gross domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020. U.S. Department of Commerce This can be attributed to two factors. Because of low rainfall, these soils have limited agricultural potential, except in some areas where rainfall is sufficient for the growth of natural forage at certain times of the year. Resultantly there has been significant uptake of resistant wheat varieties among Ethiopian farmers since 2014. Commercial agriculture using the river basins, such as the Awash Basin, is a recent phenomenon. However, rural households are still faced with severe food insecurity and malnutrition. Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. Agricultural products account for more than 90 percent of the foreign exchange earnings of the country . The reforms success in supporting Ethiopias economic growth in part depends on the development of the agro-processing sector (e.g. Increased production as well as imports are required to close this gap. The study aimed to characterize the reproductive performances and physical characteristics of Blackhead Somali indigenous sheep breeds. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. In EFY 197475, pulses and oilseeds accounted for 34% of export earnings (about 163 million Birr), but this share declined to about 3% (about 30 million Birr) in EFY 198889. It features and analyzes the country's agricultural progress from 1960s to date, and some .

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