From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. Coping Strategies as a Mediator Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. Youth can The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. When news of Covid-19 first started circulating, no one believed it would still be impacting our lives today. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Listen to childrens concerns. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). And there are ways to lessen your stress. Point-biserial correlation Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Methods: This article used narrative literature review to explore literature review from the following databases namely Web of Science, Google, COVID-19 has impacted every aspect of life around the world. Legal Notice | Privacy Policy, 11235 Bellflower Road A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. OH Behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997) were found to be the dominant avoidant coping strategies that were adopted by students, which led to a significant decrease in well-being during the pandemic. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. American Psychological Association. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. High levels of stress are expected when crises affect peoples lives. Wiley. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Further, the present findings highlight the importance of examining the relationships between each element of well-being and with each HERO dimension. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. Research Question 1 To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. Web1. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Before Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. Another thing you cant control? Cleveland, Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Helpful strategies of coping Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that PsyCap predicted well-being, and structural equation modeling demonstrated the mediating role of coping strategies between PsyCap and well-being. Penguin Press. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). Identify strategies to use to take care of your body, your mind, your spirit, your relationships, your work. Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. The uncertainty about what comes next. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. An official website of the United States government. Ask your supervisor for help. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Teaching university students active coping strategies, such as positive reframing and how to access emotional support, could help them cope with adverse situations. Cluster analysis for strategies of. Fig 2. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Crown. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. government site. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Try mindfulness apps. The potentialities of online teaching allowed a didactic continuity that would have been impossible otherwise, and this approach is likely to be https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. -. If so, please share them using this form. Flourishing: The PERMA Well-Being Model Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. Fig 2. Nursing education has moved classes online. The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. Both courses trained students to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives incidents. At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). B., & Everette James, A. Mediator coping strategies. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. That is, what coping Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Psychol. Note. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. Simon & Schuster. Now is my chance to help others. Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. Thus, efficient interventions that are not likely to trigger stigma responses are helpful in this context. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. Control-coping goodness-of-fit and chronic illness: A systematic review of the literature. Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. Distanced learning. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. (1993). Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. And having to stay home can be lonely. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Northwestern University. Eat well. Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. The coping strategy of positive reframing (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 6. Research Question 3 Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. (1988). Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. Find new ways to celebrate. Universities across The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap).

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